What is Dandruff?

Dandruff is a common scalp condition that causes white or gray flakes to fall from the scalp. It is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Malassezia. This fungus lives on the scalp of most people, but it can become overgrown in some people, causing dandruff.

Symptoms of Dandruff

The most common symptom of dandruff is white or gray flakes that fall from the scalp. Other symptoms may include:

Itching

Scalp dryness

Scalp redness

Scalp irritation

Types of Dandruff

There are two main types of dandruff: seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis simplex capitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic condition that can affect the scalp, face, and chest. It is characterized by red, flaky skin.

Pityriasis simplex capitis is a more common type of dandruff that is not as severe as seborrheic dermatitis. It is characterized by white or gray flakes that fall from the scalp.

Treatment for Dandruff

There are a number of treatments available for dandruff. These include:

Anti-dandruff shampoos: These shampoos contain ingredients that kill the fungus Malassezia and help to control dandruff.

Prescription medications: Prescription medications, such as ketoconazole shampoo, can be more effective than over-the-counter treatments.

Home remedies: There are a number of home remedies that can help to relieve the symptoms of dandruff. These include applying apple cider vinegar to the scalp, using tea tree oil, or taking supplements such as biotin or zinc.

Preventing Dandruff

There are a number of things you can do to prevent dandruff, including:

Wash your hair regularly with an anti-dandruff shampoo.

Avoid using harsh shampoos or conditioners.

Use a leave-in conditioner to help keep your hair hydrated.

Avoid scratching your scalp.

Eat a healthy diet.

Get enough sleep.

If you are experiencing dandruff, it is important to see a doctor or dermatologist to get a diagnosis and treatment plan.

Here are some additional tips for managing dandruff:

Use a dandruff shampoo that contains zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or ketoconazole.

Apply the shampoo to your scalp and leave it on for at least 5 minutes before rinsing it out.

Use the shampoo twice a week, or as directed by your doctor.

Avoid using harsh shampoos or conditioners that can dry out your scalp.

Use a leave-in conditioner to help keep your hair hydrated.

Avoid scratching your scalp, as this can irritate it and make dandruff worse.

Eat a healthy diet and get enough sleep.

If your dandruff is severe or does not respond to treatment, see a doctor or dermatologist.

Dandruff is a common condition that can be easily managed with the right treatment. By following these tips, you can keep your scalp healthy and dandruff-free.